I didn't realise how well Berwick was fortified until I started walking the castle ramparts. The defences date to medieval times and later reinforced heavily in by Elizabeth 1 to keep out the Scots
Berwick had to defend the river as well as the sea. There were hidden canons located all around the fortified walls where the gates into the city were positioned. A well defended town.
Also later on battery guns were put in place to to defend the town from the sea and from the air
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